Annibale Carracci (; November 3, 1560 – July 15, 1609) was an

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...

painter and instructor, active in

Bologna Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nat ...

and later in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

. Along with his brother and cousin, Annibale was one of the progenitors, if not founders of a leading strand of the

Baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...

style, borrowing from styles from both north and south of their native city, and aspiring for a return to classical monumentality, but adding a more vital dynamism. Painters working under Annibale at the gallery of the

Palazzo Farnese Palazzo Farnese () or Farnese Palace is one of the most important High Renaissance List of palaces in Italy#Rome, palaces in Rome. Owned by the Italian Republic, it was given to the French government in 1936 for a period of 99 years, and cur ...

would be highly influential in Roman painting for decades.

Early career

Annibale Carracci - Self-Portrait - WGA4448

Annibale Carracci was born in

, and in all likelihood was first apprenticed within his family. In 1582, Annibale, his brother Agostino and his cousin

Ludovico Carracci Ludovico (or Lodovico) Carracci (21 April 1555 – 13 November 1619) was an Italian, early-Baroque painter, etcher, and printmaker born in Bologna. His works are characterized by a strong mood invoked by broad gestures and flickering light th ...

opened a painters' studio, initially called by some the ''Academy of the Desiderosi'' (desirous of fame and learning) and subsequently the ''Incamminati'' (progressives; literally "of those opening a new way"). Considered "the first major art school based on life drawing", the ''Accademia degli Incamminati'' was the model for later art schools throughout Europe. While the Carraccis laid emphasis on the typically Florentine linear draftsmanship, as exemplified by

Raphael Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael (; or ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. List of works by Raphael, His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of ...

and

Andrea del Sarto Andrea del Sarto (, , ; 16 July 1486 – 29 September 1530) was an Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism. He was known as an outstanding fresco decorator, painter of altar-pieces, ...

, their interest in the glimmering colours and mistier edges of objects derived from the Venetian painters, notably the works of Venetian oil painter

Titian Tiziano Vecelli or Vecellio (; 27 August 1576), known in English as Titian ( ), was an Italians, Italian (Republic of Venice, Venetian) painter of the Renaissance, considered the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school (art), ...

, which Annibale and Agostino studied during their travels around Italy in 1580–81 at the behest of the elder Caracci Lodovico. This eclecticism was to become the defining trait of the artists of the Baroque Emilian or

Bolognese School The Bolognese School of painting, also known as the ''School of Bologna'', flourished between the 16th and 17th centuries in Bologna, which rivalled Florence and Rome as the center of painting in Italy. Its most important representatives i ...

. In many early Bolognese works by the Carraccis, it is difficult to distinguish the individual contributions made by each. For example, the frescoes on the story of ''Jason'' for

Palazzo Fava Palazzo Fava or Palazzo Fava-Ghisilieri is a historic palace at 2 via Manzoni in Bologna, now housing art exhibitions and the Caffè Letterario Carracci Fava. It is most notable for its three rooms of frescoes of scenes from the lives of Jason, Me ...

in Bologna (c. 1583–84) are signed ''Carracci'', which suggests that they all contributed. In 1585, Annibale completed an altarpiece of the ''Baptism of Christ'' for the church of

Santi Gregorio e Siro The church of Santi Gregorio e Siro is a Renaissance architecture, Renaissance-style Roman Catholic parish church on Via Montegrappa 15 in central Bologna, Italy. Initially this was the Church of San Gregorio, but when the nearby parish church of ...

in Bologna. In 1587, he painted the ''Assumption'' for the church of San Rocco in Reggio Emilia. In 1587–88, Annibale is known to have had travelled to

Parma Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, Giuseppe Verdi, music, art, prosciutto (ham), Parmigiano-Reggiano, cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 ...

and then

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

, where he joined his brother Agostino. From 1589 to 1592, the three Carracci brothers completed the frescoes on the ''Founding of Rome'' for Palazzo Magnani in Bologna. By 1593, Annibale had completed an altarpiece, ''Virgin on the throne with St John and St Catherine'', in collaboration with

Lucio Massari Lucio Massari (22 January 1569 – 3 November 1633) was an Italian painter of the School of Bologna. He can be described as painting during both Mannerist and early-Baroque periods. Life and work He was born in Bologna, where he initially a ...

. His ''Resurrection of Christ'' also dates from 1593. In 1592, he painted an ''Assumption'' for the Bonasoni chapel in San Francesco. During 1593–94, all three Carraccis were working on frescoes in

Palazzo Sampieri A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome which ...

in Bologna.

Frescoes in Palazzo Farnese

Annibale Carracci Ritratto Turrini Oxford

Based on the prolific and masterful frescoes by the Carracci in Bologna, Annibale was recommended by the Duke of Parma,

Ranuccio I Farnese Ranuccio I Farnese (28 March 1569 – 5 March 1622) reigned as Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1592. A firm believer in absolute monarchy, Ranuccio, in 1594, centralised the administration of Parma and Piacenza, thus rescinding the no ...

, to his brother, the Cardinal Odoardo Farnese, who wished to decorate the piano nobile of the cavernous Roman

. In November–December 1595, Annibale and Agostino traveled to Rome to begin decorating the ''Camerino'' with stories of Hercules, appropriate since the room housed the famous Greco-Roman antique sculpture of the hypermuscular

Farnese Hercules The ''Farnese Hercules'' ( it, Ercole Farnese) is an ancient statue of Hercules, probably an enlarged copy made in the early third century AD and signed by Glykon, who is otherwise unknown; the name is Greek but he may have worked in Rome. Like ...

. Annibale meanwhile developed hundreds of preparatory sketches for the major work, wherein he led a team painting frescoes on the ceiling of the grand salon with the secular '' quadri riportati'' of ''

The Loves of the Gods ''The Loves of the Gods'' is a monumental fresco cycle, completed by the Bolognese artist Annibale Carracci and his studio, in the Farnese Gallery which is located in the west wing of the Palazzo Farnese, now the French Embassy, in Rome. The f ...

'', or as the biographer

Giovanni Bellori Giovanni Pietro Bellori (15 January 1613 – 19 February 1696), also known as Giovan Pietro Bellori or Gian Pietro Bellori, was an Italian painter and antiquarian, but, more famously, a prominent biographer of artists of the 17th century, equiva ...

described it, ''Human Love governed by Celestial Love''. Although the ceiling is riotously rich in illusionistic elements, the narratives are framed in the restrained classicism of High

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ideas ...

decoration, drawing inspiration from, yet more immediate and intimate, than Michelangelo's Sistine Ceiling as well as

's Vatican Logge and

Villa Farnesina The Villa Farnesina is a Renaissance suburban villa in the Via della Lungara, in the district of Trastevere in Rome, central Italy. Description The villa was built for Agostino Chigi, a rich Sienese banker and the treasurer of Pope Julius II. Be ...

frescoes. His work would later inspire the untrammelled stream of Baroque illusionism and energy that would emerge in the grand frescoes of

Cortona Cortona (, ) is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Arezzo, in Tuscany, Italy. It is the main cultural and artistic centre of the Val di Chiana after Arezzo. Toponymy Cortona is derived from Latin Cortōna, and from Etruscan 𐌂𐌖𐌓� ...

Lanfranco Lanfranco (active in Modena from c. 1099 to 1110) was an Italian architect. His only known work is the Modena Cathedral. Record of his work there is in the early 13th-century manuscript ''Relatio de innovatione ecclesie sancti Gemeniani'' in the ...

, and in later decades

Andrea Pozzo Andrea Pozzo (; Latinized version: ''Andreas Puteus''; 30 November 1642 – 31 August 1709) was an Italian Jesuit brother, Baroque painter, architect, decorator, stage designer, and art theoretician. Pozzo was best known for his grandiose fresc ...

and

Gaulli Giovanni Battista Gaulli (8 May 1639 – 2 April 1709), also known as Baciccio or Baciccia (Genoese nicknames for ''Giovanni Battista''), was an Italian artist working in the High Baroque and early Rococo periods. He is best known for his grand ...

. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the Farnese Ceiling was considered the unrivaled masterpiece of fresco painting for its age. They were not only seen as a pattern book of heroic figure design, but also as a model of technical procedure; Annibale's hundreds of preparatory drawings for the ceiling became a fundamental step in composing any ambitious history painting.

Contrast with Caravaggio

The 17th-century critic

, in his survey entitled ''Idea'', praised Carracci as the paragon of

Italian painters Following is a list of Italian painters (in alphabetical order) who are notable for their art. A *Niccolò dell'Abbate (1509/12–1571) *Giuseppe Abbati (1836–1868) *Angiolo Achini (1850–1930) *Pietro Adami (c. 1730) *Livio Agresti (1508 ...

, who had fostered a "renaissance" of the great tradition of

and

Michelangelo Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known as Michelangelo (), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was insp ...

. On the other hand, while admitting

Caravaggio Michelangelo Merisi (Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi) da Caravaggio, known as simply Caravaggio (, , ; 29 September 1571 – 18 July 1610), was an Italian painter active in Rome for most of his artistic life. During the final four years of hi ...

's talents as a painter, Bellori deplored his over-naturalistic style, if not his turbulent morals and persona. He thus viewed the ''

Caravaggisti The Caravaggisti (or the "Caravagesques") were stylistic followers of the late 16th-century Italian Baroque painter Caravaggio. His influence on the new Baroque style that eventually emerged from Mannerism was profound. Caravaggio never establish ...

'' styles with the same gloomy dismay. Painters were urged to depict the Platonic ideal of beauty, not Roman street-walkers. Yet Carracci and Caravaggio patrons and pupils did not all fall into irreconcilable camps. Contemporary patrons, such as Marquess

Vincenzo Giustiniani Marchese Vincenzo Giustiniani (13 September 1564 – 27 December 1637) was an aristocratic Italian banker, art collector and intellectual of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, known today largely for the Giustiniani art collection, assembled ...

, found both applied showed excellence in ''maniera'' and ''modeling''. By the 21st century, observers had warmed to the rebel myth of Caravaggio, and often ignored the profound influence on art that Carracci had. Caravaggio almost never worked in fresco, regarded as the test of a great painter's mettle. On the other hand, Carracci's best works are in fresco. Thus the somber canvases of Caravaggio, with benighted backgrounds, are suited to the contemplative altars, and not to well-lit walls or ceilings such as this one in the Farnese. Wittkower was surprised that a Farnese cardinal surrounded himself with frescoes of libidinous themes, indicative of a "considerable relaxation of counter-reformatory morality". This thematic choice suggests Carracci may have been more rebellious relative to the often-solemn religious passion of Caravaggio's canvases. Wittkower states Carracci's "frescoes convey the impression of a tremendous joie de vivre, a new blossoming of vitality and of an energy long repressed". In the 21st century, most connoisseurs making the pilgrimage to the

Cerasi Chapel The Cerasi Chapel or Chapel of the Assumption ( it, Cappella Cerasi, Cappella dell'Assunta) is one of the side chapels in the left transept of the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome. It contains significant paintings by Michelangelo Merisi ...

Santa Maria del Popolo it, Basilica Parrocchiale Santa Maria del Popolo , image = 20140803 Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo Rome 0191.jpg , caption = The church from Piazza del Popolo , coordinates = , image_size ...

would ignore Carracci's ''

Assumption of the Virgin The Assumption of Mary is one of the four Catholic_Mariology#Dogmatic_teachings, Marian dogmas of the Catholic Church. Pope Pius XII defined it in 1950 in his apostolic constitution ''Munificentissimus Deus'' as follows: We proclaim and d ...

'' altarpiece (1600–1601) and focus on the flanking Caravaggio works. It is instructive to compare Carracci's ''Assumption'' with Caravaggio's ''

Death of the Virgin The Death of the Virgin Mary is a common subject in Western Christian art, the equivalent of the Dormition of the Theotokos in Eastern Orthodox art. This depiction became less common as the doctrine of the Assumption gained support in the Roman ...

''. Among early contemporaries, Carracci was an innovator. He re-enlivened Michelangelo's visual fresco vocabulary, and posited a muscular and vivaciously brilliant pictorial landscape, which had been becoming progressively crippled into a

Mannerist Mannerism, which may also be known as Late Renaissance, is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, ...

tangle. While Michelangelo could bend and contort the body into all the possible perspectives, Carracci in the Farnese frescoes had shown how it could dance. The "ceiling"-frontiers, the wide expanses of walls to be frescoed would, for the next decades, be thronged by the monumental brilliance of the Carracci followers, and not Caravaggio's followers. Annibale Carracci Madonna con Bambino, santa Lucia, san Giovannino e angelo, Feigen collection

Annibale Carracci Madonna con Bambino, santa Lucia, san Giovannino e angelo, Feigen collection

In the century following his death, to a lesser extent than

Bernini Gian Lorenzo (or Gianlorenzo) Bernini (, , ; Italian Giovanni Lorenzo; 7 December 159828 November 1680) was an Italian sculptor and architect. While a major figure in the world of architecture, he was more prominently the leading sculptor of his ...

and Cortona, Carracci and baroque art in general came under criticism from neoclassic critics such as

Winckelmann Winckelmann may refer to: * George Winckelmann (1884–1962), a Finnish lawyer and a diplomat * Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768), a German art historian and archaeologist * Johann Just Winckelmann Johann Just Winckelmann (19 August 1620 ...

and even later from the prudish

John Ruskin John Ruskin (8 February 1819 20 January 1900) was an English writer, philosopher, art critic and polymath of the Victorian era. He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany and politi ...

, as well as admirers of Caravaggio. Carracci in part was spared opprobrium because he was seen as an emulator of the highly admired Raphael, and in the Farnese frescoes, attentive to the proper themes such as those of antique mythology.

Landscapes, genre art and drawings

On July 8, 1595, Annibale completed the painting of '' Saint Roch Giving Alms'', now in Dresden Gemäldegalerie. Other significant late works painted by Carracci in Rome include '' Domine quo vadis?'' (c. 1602), which reveals a striking economy in figure composition and a force and precision of gesture that influenced on

Poussin Nicolas Poussin (, , ; June 1594 – 19 November 1665) was the leading painter of the classical French Baroque style, although he spent most of his working life in Rome. Most of his works were on religious and mythological subjects painted for a ...

and through him, the language of gesture in painting. Carracci was remarkably eclectic in thematic, painting landscapes, genre scenes, and portraits, including a series of autoportraits across the ages. He was one of the first Italian painters to paint a canvas wherein

landscape A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or man-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.''New Oxford American Dictionary''. A landscape includes the ...

took priority over figures, such as his masterful ''

The Flight into Egypt The flight into Egypt is a story recounted in the Gospel of Matthew ( Matthew 2:13– 23) and in New Testament apocrypha. Soon after the visit by the Magi, an angel appeared to Joseph in a dream telling him to flee to Egypt with Mary and the i ...

''; this is a genre in which he was followed by

Domenichino Domenico Zampieri (, ; October 21, 1581 – April 6, 1641), known by the diminutive Domenichino (, ) after his shortness, was an Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese School of painters. Life Domenichino was born in Bologna, son of a shoem ...

(his favorite pupil) and

Claude Lorrain Claude Lorrain (; born Claude Gellée , called ''le Lorrain'' in French; traditionally just Claude in English; c. 1600 – 23 November 1682) was a French painter, draughtsman and etcher of the Baroque era. He spent most of his life in It ...

. Carracci's art also had a less formal side that comes out in his caricatures (he is generally credited with inventing the form) and in his early

genre Genre () is any form or type of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially-agreed-upon conventions developed over time. In popular usage, it normally describes a category of literature, music, or other for ...

paintings, which are remarkable for their lively observation and free handling and his painting of ''The Beaneater''. He is described by biographers as inattentive to dress, obsessed with work: his self-portraits (such as that in Parma) vary in his depiction.

Under a melancholic humor

It is not clear how much work Annibale completed after finishing the major gallery in the Palazzo Farnese. In 1606, Annibale signed a ''Madonna of the bowl''. However, in a letter from April 1606, Cardinal Odoardo Farnese bemoaned that a "heavy melancholic humor" prevented Annibale from painting for him. Throughout 1607, Annibale was unable to complete a commission for the Duke of Modena of a ''Nativity''. There is a note from 1608, where in Annibale stipulates to a pupil that he will spend at least two hours a day in his studio. There is little documentation from the man or time to explain why his brush was stilled. In 1609, Annibale died and was buried, according to his wish, near Raphael in the

Pantheon Pantheon may refer to: * Pantheon (religion), a set of gods belonging to a particular religion or tradition, and a temple or sacred building Arts and entertainment Comics *Pantheon (Marvel Comics), a fictional organization * ''Pantheon'' (Lone St ...

of Rome. It is a measure of his achievement that artists as diverse as

, Poussin, and

Rubens Sir Peter Paul Rubens (; ; 28 June 1577 – 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist and diplomat from the Duchy of Brabant in the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium). He is considered the most influential artist of the Flemish Baroque traditio ...

praised his work. Many of his assistants or pupils in projects at the Palazzo Farnese and Herrera Chapel would become among the pre-eminent artists of the next decades, including

Francesco Albani Francesco Albani or Albano (17 March or 17 August 1578 – 4 October 1660) was an Italian Baroque painter who was active in Bologna (1591–1600), Rome (1600–1609), Bologna (1609), Viterbo (1609–1610), Bologna (1610), Rome (1610–1617), ...

Giovanni Lanfranco Giovanni Lanfranco (26 January 1582 – 30 November 1647) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. Biography Giovanni Gaspare Lanfranco was born in Parma, the third son of Stefano and Cornelia Lanfranchi, and was placed as a page in the ho ...

Domenico Viola Domenico Viola (c.1610-1620 - 1696) was an Italian painter and draughtsman, who was born and died in Naples. His pupils included Francesco de Mura, whilst his contemporaries in the Accademia di San Luca included Michelangelo Cerquozzi. Many paints ...

Guido Reni Guido Reni (; 4 November 1575 – 18 August 1642) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, although his works showed a classical manner, similar to Simon Vouet, Nicolas Poussin, and Philippe de Champaigne. He painted primarily religious ...

Sisto Badalocchio Sisto Badalocchio Rosa (28 June 1585 – ) was an Italian painter and engraver of the Bolognese School. Born in Parma, he worked first under Agostino Carracci in Bologna, then Annibale Carracci, in Rome. He worked with Annibale till 1609, t ...

, and others.

Chronology of works

Annibale_Carracci_-_The_Mystic_Marriage_of_St_Catherine_-_WGA4423

Madonna_Enthroned_with_Saint_Matthew,_Annibale_Carracci,_1588

Paintings

* '' Butcher's Shop'' (1580s)—Oil on canvas, 185 × 266 cm,

Christ Church Picture Gallery Christ Church Picture Gallery is an art gallery located inside Christ Church, a college of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. The gallery holds an important collection of about 300 Old Master paintings and nearly 2,000 drawings. The ...

Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...

* ''

The Beaneater The ''Bean eater'' (Italian: ''Mangiafagioli'') is a painting by the Italian Baroque painter Annibale Carracci. Dating from 1580–1590 (probably 1583–1584), it is housed in the gallery of Palazzo Colonna of Rome. The painting is connected t ...

'' (1580–1590)—Oil on canvas, 57 × 68 cm,

Galleria Colonna Galleria Alberto Sordi, until 2003 Galleria Colonna, is a shopping arcade in Rome, Italy named after the actor Alberto Sordi. It was designed in the early 1900s by the architect Dario Carbone and constructed on the Via del Corso as Galleria Co ...

* ''

Descent From the Cross The Descent from the Cross ( el, Ἀποκαθήλωσις, ''Apokathelosis''), or Deposition of Christ, is the scene, as depicted in art, from the Gospels' accounts of Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus taking Christ down from the cross after hi ...

'' (1580–1600)—St. Ann's,

Manchester Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The t ...

* '' Crucifixion with Saints'' (1583)—Oil on canvas, 305 × 210 cm,

Santa Maria della Carità, Bologna Santa Maria della Carità is a Renaissance-style Roman Catholic church in central Bologna, Italy. History By mid-13th century, an administrator under Pope Gregory IX, founded a hospital at an adjacent lot. For a time, it was an orphanage. A chape ...

* '' The Laughing Youth'' (1583)—Oil on paper,

Galleria Borghese The Galleria Borghese () is an art gallery in Rome, Italy, housed in the former Villa Borghese Pinciana. At the outset, the gallery building was integrated with its gardens, but nowadays the Villa Borghese gardens are considered a separate tourist ...

* '' Corpse of Christ'' (c. 1583–1585)—Oil on canvas, 70.7 × 88.8 cm,

Staatsgalerie Stuttgart The Staatsgalerie Stuttgart (, "State Gallery") is an art museum in Stuttgart, Germany, it opened in 1843. In 1984, the opening of the Neue Staatsgalerie (''New State Gallery'') designed by James Stirling transformed the once provincial gallery ...

* '' The Baptism of Christ'' (1584)—Oil on canvas,

* ''

An Allegory of Truth and Time ''An Allegory of Truth and Time'' is a 1584–85 oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carracci, now on display in Hampton Court as part of the Royal Collection. It is not mentioned in any of the 17th century biographical sources on Carracci's li ...

'' (1584-1585)—

Royal Collection The Royal Collection of the British royal family is the largest private art collection in the world. Spread among 13 occupied and historic royal residences in the United Kingdom, the collection is owned by King Charles III and overseen by the ...

(

Hampton Court Hampton Court Palace is a Grade I listed royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, southwest and upstream of central London on the River Thames. The building of the palace began in 1514 for Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, the chief ...

) * '' Pietà with Saints Clare, Francis and Mary Magdalene'' (1585)—Oil on canvas, Galleria nazionale di Parma,

* '' The Mystic Marriage of St Catherine'' (1585–1587)—Oil on canvas,

Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte Museo di Capodimonte is an art museum located in the Palace of Capodimonte, a grand Bourbon palazzo in Naples, Italy. The museum is the prime repository of Neapolitan painting and decorative art, with several important works from other Italian ...

Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...

* '' Madonna Enthroned with St Matthew'' (1588)—Oil on canvas, 384 × 255 cm, Gemäldegalerie,

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth larg ...

* ''

Venus with a Satyr and Two Cupids ''Venus with a Satyr and Two Cupids'' or ''The Bacchante'' (''La Baccante'') is a 1588-1590 oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carracci, now in the Uffizi in Florence. Its dating is based on its strong Venetian influence - the artist was briefly ...

'' (c. 1588)—Oil on canvas, 112 × 142 cm,

Uffizi The Uffizi Gallery (; it, Galleria degli Uffizi, italic=no, ) is a prominent art museum located adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums ...

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...

* '' Self-Portrait in Profile'' (1590s)—Oil on canvas,

* ''

'' (c. 1590)—Oil on canvas, 130 × 97 cm,

Museo del Prado The Prado Museum ( ; ), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is the main Spanish national art museum, located in central Madrid. It is widely considered to house one of the world's finest collections of European art, dating from the ...

* '' The Virgin Appears to the Saints Luke and Catherine'' (1592)—Oil on canvas, 401 × 226 cm,

Musée du Louvre The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central l ...

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

* ''

Fishing Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fish are often caught as wildlife from the natural environment, but may also be caught from stocked bodies of water such as ponds, canals, park wetlands and reservoirs. Fishing techniques inclu ...

'' (before 1595)—Oil on canvas, 136 × 253 cm,

* ''

Hunting Hunting is the human activity, human practice of seeking, pursuing, capturing, or killing wildlife or feral animals. The most common reasons for humans to hunt are to harvest food (i.e. meat) and useful animal products (fur/hide (skin), hide, ...

'' (before 1595)—Oil on canvas, 136 × 253 cm,

* '' Venus, Adonis and Cupid'' (c. 1595)—Oil on canvas, 212 × 268 cm,

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

* '' Saint Roch Giving Alms'' (1595)—Oil on canvas, Gemäldegalerie,

* '' The Choice of Heracles'' (c. 1596)—Oil on canvas, 167 × 273 cm,

* ''

Mocking of Christ The mocking of Jesus occurred several times, after his trial and before his crucifixion according to the canonical gospels of the New Testament. It is considered part of Jesus' passion. According to the gospel narratives, Jesus had predicted th ...

'' (c. 1596)—Oil on canvas, 60 × 69.5 cm, Pinacoteca Nazionale * '' Jupiter and Juno'' (c. 1597)— Farnese Gallery, Rome * Frescoes (1597–1605) in the

* '' River Landscape'' (c. 1599)—Oil on canvas,

National Gallery of Art The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of char ...

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

* ''

Pietà The Pietà (; meaning "pity", "compassion") is a subject in Christian art depicting the Virgin Mary cradling the dead body of Jesus after his body was removed from the cross. It is most often found in sculpture. The Pietà is a specific form o ...

'' (1599–1600)—Oil on canvas, 156 × 149 cm,

* '' The Madonna and Sleeping Child with the Infant St John the Baptist'' (1599-1600)-Oil on canvas, 51.2 x 68.4 cm, Royal Collection (Hampton Court) * ''

Rest on the Flight into Egypt The Rest on the Flight into Egypt is a subject in Christian art showing Mary, Joseph, and the infant Jesus resting during their flight into Egypt. The Holy Family is normally shown in a landscape. The subject did not develop until the secon ...

'' (c. 1600)—Oil on canvas, diameter 82.5 cm,

Hermitage Museum The State Hermitage Museum ( rus, Государственный Эрмитаж, r=Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž, p=ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ɪrmʲɪˈtaʂ, links=no) is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is the list of ...

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

* ''

The Three Marys at the Tomb ''The Three Marys at the Tomb'' is a c. 1410–26 panel painting usually attributed to Hubert van Eyck, now in the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam. The painting was included at the seminal Exposition des primitifs flamands à Bruges in 1 ...

'' (c.1600)Oil on canvas,

, St. Petersburg * ''

Assumption of the Virgin Mary The Assumption of Mary is one of the four Marian dogmas of the Catholic Church. Pope Pius XII defined it in 1950 in his apostolic constitution ''Munificentissimus Deus'' as follows: We proclaim and define it to be a dogma revealed by Go ...

'' (1600–1601)—Oil on panel, 245 × 155 cm,

* '' Domine quo vadis?'' (1601–1602)—Oil on panel, 77.4 × 56.3 cm,

National Gallery The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current Director o ...

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

* '' Pietà with Saint Francis and Saint Mary Magdalene''-Oil on canvas, 277 x 186 cm, Louvre, Paris * ''

'' (1603)—Oil on canvas, 122 × 230 cm,

Galleria Doria Pamphilj The Doria Pamphilj Gallery is a large art collection housed in the Palazzo Doria Pamphilj in Rome, Italy, between Via del Corso and Via della Gatta. The principal entrance is on the Via del Corso (until recently, the entrance to the gallery was fr ...

* '' Sleeping Venus'' (c. 1603)—Oil on canvas, 190 × 328 cm,

Musée Condé The Musée Condé – in English, the Condé Museum – is a French museum located inside the Château de Chantilly in Chantilly, Oise, 40 km north of Paris. In 1897, Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale, son of Louis Philippe I, bequeathed the c ...

Chantilly, Oise Chantilly ( , ) is a commune in the Oise department in the Valley of the Nonette in the Hauts-de-France region of Northern France. Surrounded by Chantilly Forest, the town of 10,863 inhabitants (2017) falls within the metropolitan area of Pari ...

* '' The Martyrdom of St Stephen'' (1603–1604)—Oil on canvas, 51 × 68 cm,

Louvre The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central l ...

, Paris * ''

Self-portrait A self-portrait is a representation of an artist that is drawn, painted, photographed, or sculpted by that artist. Although self-portraits have been made since the earliest times, it is not until the Early Renaissance in the mid-15th century tha ...

'' (c. 1604)—Oil on wood, 42 × 30 cm,

* ''

Portable Altarpiece with Pietà and Saints ''Portable Altarpiece with Pietà and Saints'' is a 1603 oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carracci in a gold, ebony and copper frame. It is now in the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica in Rome. A small altarpiece commissioned by cardinal Odoard ...

'' (1604–1605)—Oil on copper and panel, 37 × 24 cm (central panel), 37 × 12 cm (each wing),

Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica The Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica or National Gallery of Ancient Art is an art museum in Rome, Italy. It is the principal national collection of older paintings in Rome – mostly from before 1800; it does not hold any antiquities. It has two ...

* '' The Birth of the Virgin'' (1605-1609)-Oil on canvas, Louvre, Paris * ''

Lamentation of Christ The Lamentation of Christ is a very common subject in Christian art from the High Middle Ages to the Baroque. After Jesus was crucified, his body was removed from the cross and his friends mourned over his body. This event has been depicted by m ...

'' (1606)—Oil on canvas, 92.8 × 103.2 cm,

Drawings

* ''Atlante'' Red chalk,

, Paris * Drawings (exhibit,

)

Works after Carracci

* ''Venus and Adonis'' (c. 1595)—Oil on canvas, 217 × 246 cm,

Kunsthistorisches Museum The Kunsthistorisches Museum ( "Museum of Art History", often referred to as the "Museum of Fine Arts") is an art museum in Vienna, Austria. Housed in its festive palatial building on the Vienna Ring Road, it is crowned with an octagonal do ...

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

Paintings

The tradition of

Italian Renaissance The Italian Renaissance ( it, Rinascimento ) was a period in Italian history covering the 15th and 16th centuries. The period is known for the initial development of the broader Renaissance culture that spread across Europe and marked the trans ...

painting and the mature Renaissance artists like Raphael, Michelangelo, Correggio, Titian and Veronese are all painters who had a considerable influence on the work of the Carracci, in his use of colours. Carraci laid the foundations for the birth of Baroque painting. The preceding sterile Mannerist style had its recovery now in the Baroque painting in the early sixteenth century, succeeding in an original synthesis of the many schools. The paintings of Annibale are inspired by the Venetian pictorial taste and especially the paintings of

Paolo Veronese Paolo Caliari (152819 April 1588), known as Paolo Veronese ( , also , ), was an Italian Renaissance painter based in Venice, known for extremely large history paintings of religion and mythology, such as ''The Wedding at Cana'' (1563) and ''The ...

. The work that show traces of it are the ''Madonna Enthroned with Saint Matthew'', a work made for Reggio Emilia and now in the Gemäldegalerie, Dresden, and the ''Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine of Alexandria'' (ca. 1575), now preserved at the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice. File:Annibale Carracci - Christ Wearing the Crown of Thorns, Supported by Angels - WGA04427.jpg, ''Christ Wearing the Crown of Thorns, Supported by Angels'' File:Annibale Carracci - The Samaritan Woman at the Well - WGA4446.jpg, ''The Samaritan Woman at the Well'' File:Annibale Carracci Madonna del silienzio.jpg, ''The silent Madonna with Saint John the Baptist'' File:Annibale Carracci susanna.jpg, ''Susanna in the bath'' File:Annibale Carracci, Pietà, Kunsthistorichen, Vienna.jpg, ''Pietà'', Kunsthistoriche Museum, Vienna File:Annibale Carracci - Lamentation of Christ - WGA4436.jpg, ''Lamentation of Christ'' File:Carracci, Annibale - Madonna and Child with St John - Google Art Project.jpg, '' Madonna and Child with St John'' File:Annibale Carracci San Rocco e l'Angelo.jpg, ''Saint Roch and the Angel'' File:Annibale Carracci, Autoritratto .jpg, Self-portrait, c. 1580 File:Annibale Carracci, attrib., Portrait of an African Slave Woman, ca. 1580s. Oil on canvas, 60 x 39 x 2 cm (fragment of a larger painting.jpg, ''Portrait of an African Woman Holding a Clock'', c. 1585''Apollo'' (8 March 2017).
Pick of the fair: Tomasso Brothers
. Retrieved 14 June 2020. File:Annibale Carracci - The Temptation of St Anthony Abbot (detail) - WGA4426.jpg, ''The Temptation of St Anthony Abbot'' (detail), 1597–98 File:Carracci, Annibale - Head of an Old Man - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Head of an Old Man'' File:Annibale Carracci ritratto del medico Bossi.jpg, ''Portrait of Dr Bossi'' File:Annibale Carracci - Venus and Adonis - WGA4429.jpg, ''Venus and Adonis'', c. 1595 File:Jupiter and Juno Annibale Carracci fragment.jpg, ''Jupiter and Juno'', 1602,

File:Annibale Carracci - Sleeping Venus - WGA4449.jpg, ''Sleeping Venus'' File:Annibale Carracci - The Choice of Heracles - WGA4416.jpg, ''The Judgment of Hercules'', 1596,

National Museum of Capodimonte Museo di Capodimonte is an art museum located in the Palace of Capodimonte, a grand House of Bourbon, Bourbon palazzo in Naples, Italy. The museum is the prime repository of Neapolitan painting and decorative art, with several important works ...

File:Annibale Carracci - Venus with a Satyr and Cupids - WGA4430.jpg, ''

'', 1590 File:'Boy Drinking' by Annibale Carracci, 1582-83.JPG, ''Boy Drinking'' by Annibale Carracci, 1582–83 File:Carracci - Der Bohnenesser.jpeg, ''

'', 1580–1590,

File:Carracci-Butcher's shop.jpg, '' Butcher's Shop'', 1580,

File:Annibale Carracci - The Butcher's Shop - Google Art Project.jpg, ''

The Butcher's Shop ''Butcher's Shop'' is the title of two paintings by the Italian Baroque painter Annibale Carracci, both dating from the early 1580s. They are now in the collections of Christ Church Picture Gallery, Oxford, and the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort ...

'', 1580,

Kimbell Art Museum The Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas, hosts an art collection as well as traveling art exhibitions, educational programs and an extensive research library. Its initial artwork came from the private collection of Kay and Velma Kimbell, wh ...

Footnotes

References

Catholic Encyclopedia: Carracci
* Christiansen, Keith

In ''Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History''. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (October 2003) * * * H. Keazor: ''"Distruggere la maniera?": die Carracci-Postille'', Freiburg im Breisgau, 2002. * C. Dempsey: ''Annibale Carracci and the beginnings of baroque style'', Harvard, 1977; 2nd ed. Fiesole, 2000. * A. W. A. Boschloo: ''Annibale Carracci in Bologna: visible reality in art after the Council of Trent'', 's-Gravenhage, 1974. * C. Goldstein: ''Visual fact over verbal fiction: a study of the Carracci and the criticism, theory, and practice of art in Renaissance and baroque Italy'', Cambridge, 1988. * D. Posner: ''Annibale Carracci: a study in the reform of Italian painting around 1590'', 2 vol., New York, 1971. * S. Ginzburg: ''Annibale Carracci a Roma: gli affreschi di Palazzo Farnese'', Rome, 2000. * C. Loisel: ''Inventaire général des dessins italiens'', vol. 7: Ludovico, Agostino, Annibale Carracci (Musée du Louvre: Cabinet des Dessins), Paris, 2004. * B. Bohn: ''Ludovico Carracci and the art of drawing'', London, 2004. * ''Annibale Carracci'', catalogo della mostra a cura di D. Benati, E. Riccomini, Bologna-Roma, 2006–2007. * M. C. Terzaghi: ''Caravaggio, Annibale Carracci, Guido Reni tra le ricevute del Banco Herrera & Costa'', Roma, 2007. * H. Keazor: ''"Il vero modo". Die Malereireform der Carracci'', (Neue Frankfurter Forschungen zur Kunst 5), Berlin: Gebrüder Mann Verlag, 2007. * C. Robertson: ''The Invention of Annibale Carracci'' (Studi della Bibliotheca Hertziana, 4), Milano, 2008. * F. Gage: "Invention, Wit and Melancholy in the Art of Annibale Carracci." ''Intellectual History Review'' 24.3 (2014): 389–413. Special Issue, The Nature of Invention. Edited by Alexander Marr and Vera Keller.

External links

*
Annibale Carracci artistic context, technique and artworks

Annibale Carracci at the WikiGallery.org

Annibale Carracci, ''Christ Healing the Sick'', 16th century, etching, Bryn Mawr College Art and Artifact Collections

''Jusepe de Ribera, 1591–1652''
an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Carracci (see index)
''Painters of reality: the legacy of Leonardo and Caravaggio in Lombardy''
an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Carracci (see index) {{DEFAULTSORT:Carracci, Annibale 1560 births 1609 deaths 16th-century Italian painters Italian male painters 17th-century Italian painters Painters from Bologna Italian Baroque painters Burials at the Pantheon, Rome Sibling artists Catholic painters